Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 20
Filter
1.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 37(1): 57-66, ene.-mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634489

ABSTRACT

En este documento se elaboraron una serie de recomendaciones para el ensayo, lectura, interpretación e informe de las pruebas de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos para las enterobacterias aisladas con mayor frecuencia de especímenes clínicos. Se adoptaron como base las recomendaciones del National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) de los EEUU, los de la subcomisión de Antimicrobianos, de la Sociedad Argentina de Bacteriología Clínica (SADEBAC), división de la Asociación Argentina de Microbiología (AAM) y de un grupo de expertos invitados. En él se indican las resistencias naturales de los diferentes miembros que integran la familia Enterobacteriaceae y se analiza la actividad de las diferentes beta-lactamasas cromosómicas, propias de cada especie, sobre las penicilinas, cefalosporinas y carbapenemes. Se recomiendan los antimicrobianos que se deberían ensayar, ubicados estratégicamente, para detectar los mecanismos de resistencia más frecuentes y cuales se deberían informar de acuerdo a la especie aislada, el sitio de infección y el origen de la cepa (intra o extrahospitalario). Se detallan los métodos de "screening" y de confirmación fenotipíca para detectar beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) que son más adecuados a nuestra realidad. Por último, se mencionan patrones infrecuentes de sensibilidad/resistencia que deberían verificarse y los perfiles de sensibilidad que pueden hallarse en las distintas enterobacterias en relación con los probables mecanismos de resistencia. Se debe resaltar que el contenido de este documento debe ser considerado como recomendaciones realizadas por expertos argentinos basadas en una revisión de la literatura y datos personales.


Taking into account previous recommendations from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), the Antimicrobial Committee, Sociedad Argentina de Bacteriología Clínica (SADEBAC), Asociación Argentina de Microbiología (AAM), and the experience from its members and some invited microbiologists, a consensus was obtained for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and interpretation in most frequent enterobacterial species isolated from clinical samples in our region. This document describes the natural antimicrobial resistance of some Enterobacteriaceae family members, including the resistance profiles due to their own chromosomal encoded beta-lactamases. A list of the antimicrobial agents that should be tested, their position on the agar plates, in order to detect the most frequent antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and considerations on which antimicrobial agents should be reported regarding to the infection site and patient characteristics are included. Also, a description on appropriate phenotypic screening and confirmatory test for detection of prevalent extended spectrum beta-lactamases in our region are presented. Finally, a summary on frequent antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and their probably associated resistance mechanisms, and some infrequent antimicrobial resistance profiles that deserve confirmation are outlined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , Drug Resistance , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/economics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/standards , Phenotype , Quality Control , beta-Lactamases/analysis
2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 36(2): 81-4, abr.-jun. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171745

ABSTRACT

Brucella canis and other species of the genus Brucella can cause human disease. However, this species infrequently cause human disease, including in countries where dogs population is highly infected. A 15 years old male was admitted to the hospital with 15 days history of fever without visible focus. Physical examination revealed pain at liver palpation and axillar, cervical and inguinal lymphoadenomegalies. Abdominal ultrasonography showed spleenomegally, the chest Rx and the trans thoracic echocardiogram were normal. Five blood samples were obtained and cultured in 2 standards bottles (time of positivization 72 - 64.8 hours), and 3 pediatric FAN bottles (time of positivization 74.5; 72 and 67.2 hours) (Bact-Alert system, Biomerieux, Marcy, l’Etolie, France). The microorganism was presuntive identified as B. canis, and then was confirmed in the National Reference Center Instituto ANLIS [quot ]Carlos G. Malbran[quot ]. After 14 days of initiating ceftriaxone treatment the patient was afebrile. When the confirmation of Brucella was made, he was discharged and ambulatory was prescribed with doxycycline and rifampin for 21 days. Bones were not compromised and the outcome was good with complete resolution of his illness.

3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 36(1): 36-40, Jan.-Mar. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634456

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente (MRSA) es un patógeno que ha emergido en las últimas cuatro décadas causando tanto infecciones nosocomiales como de la comunidad. La rápida y precisa detección de MRSA es relevante para guiar una apropiada terapia antibiótica y evitar la diseminación nosocomial de MRSA.En este trabajo se evaluó la eficiencia de métodos convencionales para la detección de meticilino-resistencia como difusión por discos, CIM en medio sólido, screening de oxacilina, y el nuevo test de aglutinación MRSA-Screen latex sobre 100 aislamientos de S. aureus, 79 mecA positivos y 21 mecA negativos. El test de aglutinación MRSA-Screen latex (Denka Seiken, Niigata, Japón) detecta la presencia de la PLP-2a, producto del gen mecA en cepas de S. aureus. La detección del gen mecA por PCR se utilizó como gold standard para comparar los resultados de los diferentes métodos. La sensibilidad y especificidad fueron 97 y 100 % para el método de difusión, 97 y 95 % para la CIM en medio sólido, 100 y 100 % para el screening de oxacilina y 100 y 100 % para MRSA-Screen latex. Todos los métodos presentaron alta sensibilidad y especificidad, pero el “MRSA-Screen latex” mostró la ventaja de poder brindar un resultado confiable, equivalente a la PCR, en sólo 15 minutos.


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant pathogen that has emerged over the last four decades, causing both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Rapid and accurate detection of methicillin resistance in S. aureus is important for the use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and for the control of nosocomial spread of MRSA strains. We evaluated the efficiency of conventional methods for detection of methicillin resistance such as the disk diffusion, agar dilution, oxacillin agar screen test, and the latex agglutination test MRSA-Screen latex, in 100 isolates of S. aureus, 79 mecA positive and 21 mecA negative. The MRSA-Screen latex (Denka Seiken, Niigata, Japón), is a latex agglutination method that detects the presence of PLP-2a, product of mecA gene in S. aureus. The PCR of the mecA gene was used as the “gold standard” for the evaluation of the different methods tested. The percentages of sensitivity and specificity were as follows: disk difusión 97 and 100 %, agar dilution 97 and 95 %, oxacillin agar screen test 100 and 100 %, and MRSA-Screen latex, 100 and 100 %. All methods presented high sensitivity and specificity, but MRSA-Screen latex had the advantage of giving a reliable result, equivalent to PCR, in only 15 minutes.


Subject(s)
Latex Fixation Tests , Methicillin Resistance , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/analysis , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Hexosyltransferases/analysis , Methicillin Resistance/genetics , Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase/analysis , Penicillin-Binding Proteins , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Peptidyl Transferases/analysis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics
4.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 36(1): 24-7, Jan.-Mar. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171741

ABSTRACT

Bact-Alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. First Argentine multicentre study. Between January and December 2001, we analyzed 80,141 blood cultures by the Bact-Alert system (14,960 FAN aerobics, 3,855 FAN anaerobic, 11,114 standards aerobics, 11,367 standards anaerobic, 12,054 pediatrics and 26,791 FAN pediatrics bottles) and 44.235 series from 27.615 patients at eight hospitals of Buenos Aires city, one of La Plata city and three of the Buenos Aires province. A total of 13,657 blood cultures yielded a positive result. Only 181 of them had been detected as positive between the 5th and 7th day of incubation and only 26 (0.19


) had clinical significance (Staphylococcus aureus 3; coagulase negative staphylococci 2; Enterococcus faecalis 1; Streptococcus pneumoniae 2; Campylobacter spp 1; Escherichia coli 1; Enterobacter cloacae 1; Enterobacteraerogenes 1; Citrobacter freundii 1; Klebsiella pneumoniae 1; Proteus mirabilis 1; Serratia marcescens 4; yeasts 7, including one strain of Cryptococcus neoformans). Of the total of contaminants, 38


were isolated by the anaerobic standard (65


were Propionibacterium spp and 29


by the FAN aerobic (33.3


difphteroids and 28.9


by the pediatric, 9


by aerobic standard and 1.4


by FAN anaerobic bottle. Our results show that the prolonged incubation of blood cultures for more than 5 days using the Bact-Alert system is unnecessary.

5.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 35(2): 91-95, abr.-jun. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356636

ABSTRACT

Entre enero de 1996 y octubre de 1999, se estudiaron en el Instituto Cardiovascular, Fundación Favaloro, 10.793 hemocultivos y 942 episodios de bacteriemia. Utilizando el Sistema Bact-Alert (Organon Teknika) estos cultivos fueron positivos en 1.883 casos. 94 por ciento de los episodios fueron monomicrobianos. Del total de espisodios se aislaron 45 por ciento de bacterias gram positivas, 52 por ciento de gram negativas y 3 por ciento de hongos. Los focos de infección asociados fueron: 36,5 por ciento infecciones asociadas a catéteres, 9 por ciento mediastinitis, 9 por ciento infecciones urinarias, 6 por ciento neumonías, 6 por ciento endocarditis, 6 por ciento infecciones intraabdominales, 2,6 por ciento infecciones de prótesis, 2,5 por ciento infecciones de piel y partes blandas, 0,3 por ciento pericarditis, 0,2 por ciento meningitis, 2 por ciento empiemas, 0,2 por ciento aneurismas de aorta, 0,2 por ciento infecciones por líquido de infusión contaminado, 0,1 por ciento artritis, 0,1 por ciento endarteritis, 0,1 por ciento diarreas, y foco desconocido en 21 por ciento de los casos. La mediana en horas para positivización de los hemocultivos acorde a los distinto focos fue: 16,4 para infecciones asociadas a catéteres, 19,2 mediastinitis, 14,2 neumonías, 14,5 endocarditis, 11,8 infecciones intraabdominales, 13 infecciones urinarias y 19 para bacteremias de origen desconocido. El valor fue de 30,5 h para las contaminaciones. El 72 por ciento de los hemocultivos positivos con un microorganismo considerado como clínicamente significativo se detectó a las 24 h, 87 por ciento dentro de las 48 h y sólo 1 por ciento entre el 5§ y 7§ día. No hubo diferencias importantes en el tiempo de detección de hemocultivos positivos acorde a distintos focos. Tampoco resultó de utilidad la incubación de las botellas más allá del 5§ día, excepto para circunstancias especiales, puesto que no mejoró la recuperación de microorganismos clínicamente significativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Argentina , Bacteremia , Environmental Monitoring
6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 35(1): 29-40, ene.-mar. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356646

ABSTRACT

El antibiograma por difusión en agar con discos se encuentra ampliamente difundido en nuestro medio y se basa primariamente en las recomendaciones del National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). En este documento se elaboraron una serie de recomendaciones para el ensayo, lectura, interpretación e informe de las pruebas de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos en cocos gram-positivos, adaptadas a la realidad argentina. En esta primera etapa se redactaron las consideraciones generales para la realización de la prueba por difusión, los controles de calidad internos para todos los microorganismos y una actualización sobre las pruebas de sensibilidad en cocos gram-positivos. Se debe resaltar que el contenido de este documento debe ser considerado como recomendaciones realizadas por expertos argentinos y que son el resultado de reuniones de consenso organizadas por la Subcomisión de Antimicrobianos de la Sociedad Argentina de Bacteriología Clínica, división de la Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Se formó un equipo de trabajo integrado por expertos en antimicrobianos y a partir de una propuesta inicial, basada en una revisión de la literatura se fueron elaborando diversos documentos de trabajo que fueron mejorados después de ser debatidos por los miembros del grupo de trabajo hasta llegar al documento final. El criterio general fue elaborar recomendaciones acordes a las necesidades de nuestro país que puedan utilizarse en la práctica diaria con el objeto de colaborar en la adecuada elección del tratamiento antibiótico según la especie bacteriana aislada y la localización de la infección.


Subject(s)
Argentina , Enterococcus , Gram-Positive Cocci , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus
7.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 34(2): 100-103, abr.-jun. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-331798

ABSTRACT

The objective of this collaborative work carried out in the Fundación Favaloro and the Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, was to determine optimal conditions for incubation (time and atmosphere) of quantitative cultures of catheters processed according to the technique of vortex agitation (Brun Buisson method). From 689 processed catheters, 551 yielded negative cultures. From the 138 positive cultures, 125 yielded monomicrobial cultures and 13 polimicrobial cultures (total number of microorganisms was 151). In the last situation each micoorganism was considered on an individual basis. A total of 58 episodes of catheter related bacteremias occurred, being 52 monomicrobial and 6 polimicrobial (total number of microorganisms was 64). When colony counts were compared in aerobic and in 5-10 CO2 atmospheres, a very good correlation was obtained (p = 0.27; r2 = 0.9268). No advantage was observed by incubating plates for more than 48 hours. Colony counts performed at the second versus the third day, and at the second day versus the seventh, gave very good correlation (p = 0.10 and r2 = 0.9996; p = 0.31 and r2 = 0.9995, respectively).


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Bacteria , Bacteriological Techniques , Candida albicans , Catheterization, Peripheral/instrumentation , Catheterization, Central Venous , Equipment Contamination , Aerobiosis , Anaerobiosis , Bacteremia , Candidiasis/etiology , Candidiasis/microbiology , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae , Fungemia , Hospitals, Pediatric , Cross Infection/etiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/etiology , Prospective Studies
8.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 34(1): 52-6, 2002 Jan-Mar.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171697

ABSTRACT

The investigation of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious problem for the physician and microbiologist. Accurate and rapid detection is essential for the use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and for the control of nosocomial spread of the resistant strain. The performance characteristics of the MicroScan Overnight Conventional Pos Combo 12 panels (MOCP), BBL Crystal MRSA ID (CR), E-test and agar screen plate (Muller Hinton agar with oxacillin 6 micrograms/ml and 4


NaCl) (AS) were evaluated for the detection of oxacillin resistance. Thirty S. aureus clinically significant strains with different PFGE (Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis) banding pattern were tested, and 22 of them were mecA positive by PCR. These strains were also analyzed by mecA and Tn554 polymorphism. All mecA positive strains were classified as methicillin resistant by MOCP and E-test. CR and AS failed to detect oxacillin resistance in 2 strains. One false positive was only detected by E-test. Accurate testing for the presence of MRSA may reduce the need for empiric therapy with vancomycin for patients with staphylococcal infections. According to our results the best performance was obtained with MOCP. However, as a rapid method, CR gave acceptable sensitivity for clinical purposes.

9.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 33(3): 177-181, jul.-sept. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332483

ABSTRACT

The value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the Fundación Favaloro, the Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia and the Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiÚrrez. A total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). Bact-Alert bottles were incubated at 35 degrees C for 30 days in the Bact-Alert System. Bottles with positive signals were routinely removed, and aliquots of the broth were Gram stained and subcultured aerobically in chocolate agar and Sabouraud agar. A total of 136 bacteremic episodes were obtained. The positivization time of blood cultures was 81.6 at 24 h, 93.3 at 48 h, 94.5 at 72 h and 97.7 within 7 days. Only 3 (2.2) episodes were positive by blind terminal subcultures and 1 (0.75) by prolonged incubation (14 days). The median time and range of positivization in hours were 13.8 and 2.2-168, respectively. The microorganisms isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 24), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 22), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 18), Acinetobacter spp (n = 9), Candida spp (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 6), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 5), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5), Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp and Capnocytophaga sputigena (n = 2), Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Citrobacter diversus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella oxytoca, Chryseomonas luteola, Serratia marcescens, Abiotrophia spp, Campylobacter jejuni, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella urethralis, Neisseria sicca, beta hemolytic group G streptococci, Rhodococcus equi, Micrococcus spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Streptococcus mitis (n = 1). In our experience, blind terminal subcultures and prolonged incubation of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients are unnecessary and cost expensive.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Bacteria , Bacteriological Techniques , Blood , Immunocompromised Host , Bacteremia , Culture Media , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Neoplasms , Single-Blind Method , Bacteriological Techniques/economics , Time Factors , Transplantation
10.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 32(4): 196-198, oct.-dec. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332513

ABSTRACT

Few laboratory microbiological procedures are as important as the isolation of microorganisms from blood. To evaluate the usefulness of the terminal subcultures, 5669 blood cultures giving negative results after 7 days of incubation in the Bact/Alert System (Organon Teknika) were studied. Bottles were distributed as follows: 1562 adult aerobic bottles, 119 adult anaerobic bottles, 3960 pediatric bottles and 28 FAN bottles. From 5669 blood cultures, 10 subcultures that yielded growth had not been detected by the system. These included 5 adult aerobic bottles and 5 pediatric bottles, 7 of these microorganisms were considered contaminants according to clinical data (2 Micrococcus spp, 1 staphylococci coagulase negative, 1 Burkholderia cepacia, 1 Peptoestreptococcus spp, 1 Corynebacterium spp, 1 Scedosporium spp) while the other 3 were considered true bacteremia (1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Streptococcus sanguis), although no one made any change in treatment on the basis of the previous isolation. Based on these results the routinary utilization of terminal subcultures is not advisable and should be used only for special cases or a second system of blood culture should be added according to clinical or epidemiological data.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Bacteremia , Bacteriological Techniques/instrumentation , Bacteremia , Bacteria , Prospective Studies
11.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 32(3): 149-152, jul.-sept. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332522

ABSTRACT

Mortality associated to bacteremia varies between 20 and 40 depending upon several factors, such as focus of infection, microorganism, host conditions, etc. It has also been documented that mortality may double when the patient does not receive antibiotic treatment to which the microorganism is susceptible. The objective of our work has been to determine the correlation between disk diffusion antibiogram according to NCCLS guidelines, from isolated colonies, and the one performed directly from the blood culture flask. During 1996, in the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (ICYCC) in Buenos Aires City, 81 episodes of bacteremia were studied. In every case, an antibiogram was carried out: 1) from the bottle: a- Directly (D), harvesting 20 microliters in Mueller Hinton agar, b- Diluted (d), previous centrifugation and Gram staining to adjust turbidity equivalent to 0.5 Mc Farland; 2) from isolated colonies, according to NCCLS guidelines. There were almost no major errors, except with two strains of Enterobacter cloacae versus cephalotin. The diluted method was not so convenient to read inhibition zones, especially with staphylococci. With gram-positive bacteria, the main problems appeared in the direct method with erythromycin, oxacillin and ciprofloxacin because of minor errors. With gram-negative bacteria, major errors were observed in the direct method, mainly with piperacillin (7) and to a lesser extent with piperacillin tazobactam (2). Except for imipenem, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazoie and cefotaxime, all antimicrobial agents presented minor errors with both methodologies. Based upon the high rate of minor errors, we consider it is important to confirm results obtained with the standard technique (NCCLS), considering as presumptive those results from the blood culture bottles (D and d).


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Argentina , Bacteremia , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Case Management , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Reproducibility of Results
12.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 32(1): 45-48, ene.-mar. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332538

ABSTRACT

Between February and September 1997, 6588 blood cultures at the Instituto de CardiologÝa y CirugÝa Cardiovascular and Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiÚrrez were studied by using the Bact-Alert system (Organon Teknika) 341 contaminants and 294 episodes of bacteremia (600 samples) were analyzed. From these samples, 280 (95.3) were monomicrobial episodes and 14 (4.7) polymicrobial episodes. Positive blood cultures detected by the Bact-Alert system were processed and then reincubated during 7 days, when they were Gram stained and subcultured in blood agar, chocolate agar (both in 5-10 CO2), laked blood agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K in anaerobic atmosphere (only anaerobic bottles) and CLDE (aerobic conditions). Following reincubation, 3 out of 14 polymicrobial bacteremias were detected, rising the level of detection from 3.7 to 4.7. Taking into account the total number of bacteremias, only in 3 out of 294 (1), a second microorganism was detected. Otherwise, in blood cultures where a contaminating microorganism was initially isolated, no further isolates representing a true bacteremia were recovered. Reincubation and terminal subculture of initially positive blood cultures did not provide relevant data in order to change therapeutic measures in the studied population. Due to the increase in costs and labor we consider that this methodology is not routinely advised.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Blood , Microbiological Techniques , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
13.
Infectol. microbiol. clin ; 11(1): 10-24, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241633

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior son la causa infecciosa más frecuente de consulta al médico. En el caso de la otitis media y sinusitis aguda, los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes son S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae no "b" y M. catarrhalis; en tanto que en las formas crónicas aumenta la incidencia de anaerobios, bacilos gram negativos y S. aureus. La punción de oído medio y de senos paranasales se recomienda para casos puntuales como inmunocomprometidos, fracaso terapéutico, complicaciones supurativas, neonatos con otitis media, pacientes intubados con sinusitis y tal vez pacientes provenientes de áreas con alto porcentaje de cepas resistentes


Subject(s)
Humans , Otitis Media with Effusion/etiology , Otitis Media, Suppurative/etiology , Otitis Media/etiology , Sinusitis/etiology , Bacteriological Techniques/standards , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycology , Otitis Media with Effusion/drug therapy , Otitis Media with Effusion/microbiology , Otitis Media, Suppurative/drug therapy , Otitis Media, Suppurative/microbiology , Otitis Media/drug therapy , Otitis Media/microbiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sinusitis/microbiology
17.
Infectol. microbiol. clin ; 6(4): 114-27, ago. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-142335

ABSTRACT

El rendimiento de los hemocultivos depende de un gran número de variables entre las que se encuentran: técnica aséptica para la obtención de los mismos, volumen de la muestra, dilución con el medio, tiempo de incubación, subcultivos, medios de cultivo empleados y/o sistema utilizado y presencia de sustancias inhibitorias en la sangre, entre otros. También hay que considerar situaciones especiales como ser búsqueda de anaerobios, micobacterias, hongos y gérmenes fastidiosos. La realización de hemocultivos cuantitativos, en la práctica diaria, se reserva para el diagnóstico de sepsis relacionada a catéteres de larga permanencia. Para su interpretación hay que tener en cuenta el germen aislado, el tiempo en que se positivizó la muestra y número de ellas en que se recuperó el germen, pero fundamentalmente la clínica del paciente y factores de riesgo como ser: catéteres, válvulas cardíacas protésicas, prótesis osteoarticulares, sistemas de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal, neutropenia, extremos de la vida, enfermedad de base (ej. SIDA), etc. Por todo esto es esencial la comunicación e intercambio de información entre bacteriólogo y médico


Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Culture Media , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/standards , Blood Specimen Collection/methods , Sepsis/blood , Microbiological Techniques/standards , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Blood/microbiology , Catheterization/adverse effects , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Colony Count, Microbial/standards , Colony Count, Microbial/statistics & numerical data , Culture Media , Blood Specimen Collection/standards , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/microbiology
18.
Infectol. microbiol. clin ; 6(6): 169-74, 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-165939

ABSTRACT

La sepsis relacionada a catéteres (SRC) constituye una complicación nosocomial ampliamente documentada. La detección de infección en los dispositivos intravasculares, su relación con bacteriemia y la diferenciación con contaminación o colonización por gérmenes de los mismos es un problema importante, ya que los microorganismos pueden colonizar la punta del catéter por distintas vías. Diversos autores han desarrollado técnicas semicuantitativas y cuantitativas para el cultivo de los mismos. En el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular (ICYCC) y el Hospital de Niños "R. Gutiérrez" (HNRG), en el período comprendido entre julio de 1992 y marzo de 1994, se estudiaron un total de 806 catéteres (centrales y periféricos) y su relación con bacteriemia; se sembraron por la técnica semicuantitativa de Maki y la cuantitativa de Brun-Buisson. Se calcularon los valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VP+) y negativo (VP-). Según el punto de corte de 15 UFC para la técnica de Maki, los resultados fueron: S=83,6 por ciento, E=91,3 por ciento, VP+=48,8 por ciento y VP-=98,2 por ciento; considerando el punto de corte de 1.000 UFC/ml para la técnica de Brun-Buisson, correspondieron a 76,8 por ciento, 93,6 por ciento, 54,4 por ciento y 97,7 por ciento respectivamente. La combinación de las dos técnicas, permitió incrementar el diagnóstico de bacteriemia relacionada a catéteres en un 8,2 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization/adverse effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Culture Media , Sepsis/etiology , Bacteremia/etiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/microbiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL